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Contested Memories: Poles and Jews During the Holocaust and Its Aftermath
Manufacturer: Rutgers University Press ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover Similar Items:
ASIN: 0813531586 |
Book Description
Few issues have divided Poles and Jews more deeply than the Nazi occupation of Poland during the Second World War and the subsequent slaughter of almost ninety percent of Polish Jewry. Many Jewish historians have argued that, during the occupation, Poles at best displayed indifference to the fate of the Jews and at worst were willing accomplices of the Nazis. Many Polish scholars, however, deny any connection between the prewar culture of antisemitism and the wartime situation. They emphasized that Poles were also victims of the Nazis and, for the most part, tried their best to protect the Jews.This collection of essays, representing three generations of Polish and Jewish scholars, is the first attempt since the fall of Communism to reassess the existing historiography of Polish-Jewish relations just before, during, and after the Second World War. In the spirit of detached scholarly inquiry, these essays fearlessly challenge commonly held views on both sides of the debates. The authors are committed to analyzing issues fairly and to reaching a mutual understanding.
Customer Reviews:
Better Than Most, But Repeats Common Generalizations.......2004-03-11
Although Poland was only one of two German-occupied nations in which the death penalty was imposed for aiding Jews, certain writers (cited by Zimmerman) have attempted to minimize its significance by disingenuously arguing that it didn't decisively constrain Polish behavior. But concealing an inanimate object (e. g., a gun) is far less risky than hiding a human being! We keep hearing that Poles did not "do enough" to save Jews. But who is to be the judge of this, and on what basis is the judgment to be made? As for Poles having failed a moral test, this additionally implies the uniqueness of Jewish suffering, a view that did not develop until long after WWII. How was the average Pole, trying to survive under the lash of the Germans, realize that his conduct would be subject to an ex post facto moralization? No convincing evidence is presented to support reflexive claims that Poles were disinclined to help Jews owing to prewar attitudes (and church teachings). In fact, the acknowledged anti-Semitic beliefs of many rescuers of Jews argue for the opposite.
Polish inaction towards the Jews is simplistically generalized as indifference. Polish help to Jews, Zegota aside, is characterized as "only individual and unorganized". Yet discussion of Zegota (Pawlikowski) makes it clear that the Germans would only have more easily penetrated a larger underground rescue network. Furthermore, substantially more Polish assistance to Jews would have triggered a correspondingly greater German terror against the Polish population with little net additional saving of Jewish lives. Complaints about the AK (Polish Home Army) lacking a systematic program for aiding fugitive Jews are misunderstandings. It was a clandestine guerrilla organization, devoted to military objectives and, exceptions aside, unable to save individual Jewish (or Polish) lives. Poles outside of the AK wanting to fight procured arms themselves, never waiting for outside assistance or "moral support" [for instance, the Peasant Battalions combating draconian German colonization, and rural Poles of Volhynia thwarting genocidal attacks by the UPA (so-called Ukrainian Insurgent Army)]. The AK did not become involved until later.
The usual inaction of Poles and occasional betrayal of Jews is portrayed as a violation that provoked a degree of Jewish pain and anger incapable of being assuaged by the actions of those Poles who did assist Jews. But could not the same be said about Polish reactions to earlier long-term comparable Jewish behaviors? Bearing in mind that loyalty is the expected conduct, the sacrifices of patriotic Polish Jews could not counterbalance the actions of a large fraction of Polish Jews who acted indifferently to Poland's centuries-long struggle for independence, and even supported Poland's enemies. While this book touches on the latter (Lwow 1918, disproportionate Jewish involvement in Communism 1939-1947) it fails to inform the reader about the significant pro-Russian orientation of Polish Jews going far back into the 19th century.
Recurrent charges of Poles turning in or killing fugitive Jews neglect a number of factors, one of which is the latter's significant involvement in the plunder (and sometimes murder) of Polish villagers. Contrary to Krakowski's claims, Jewish (and, for that matter, also gentile) banditry was very real, and subject to Polish counter-action.
The Jedwabne massacre is presented uncritically, along with the citation of some Polish authors who lament "the loss of Polish victimhood and innocence". But are Poland's centuries of tragic history so easily disposed of? And how many tens of Jedwabnes would be needed to rival the number of Jews killed by Horthy's Hungary or Petain's France? Pinchuk objects, on the basis of the fact that Jews were killed indiscriminately, to the notion of Jedwabne being Polish revenge for the recent Jewish-Soviet collaboration. But the Poles sent earlier to horrible slavery and death in Siberia, largely facilitated by Jewish denunciations, were hardly limited to those Poles guilty in Jewish eyes, and included numerous children. Finally, the evidence does not support Gross' storytelling. There were 200-400 Jewish victims, not 1,600. Very likely, the Germans orchestrated this atrocity, with the Poles relegated to a compelled subsidiary role (perhaps 40 Poles, certainly not "half the town"). Who actually torched the barn is unclear.
Perhaps the weakest part of this book is the rather superficial treatment of continued mutual Jewish-Polish prejudices (Gitelman), with no factoring of its extreme asymmetry. When a Pole makes negative comments about Jews, his audience is relatively small and almost always Polish. In contrast, a vast, diverse audience was exposed to the Polonophobic remarks of such prominent Jews as Carole Burnett, Alan Dershowitz, Yitzhak Shamir, Eppie Lederer (Ann Landers), etc. The Polack joke syndrome is mentioned, but not its origin from Jewish comedians. No mention is made of the usual anti-Polish slant of Holocaust-related films. (The Pianist is the exception that proves the rule. Free of Pole-bashing, it was widely criticized by Jewish commentators for this reason). The widely acclaimed educational cartoon Maus has pigs representing Poles, an inexcusable choice, while comparatively innocuous animals (cats, mice, etc.) represent all other nationalities. British scholar Norman Davies was denied tenure at Stanford University, as a result of Jewish pressure, all because of the opinion that he was "too pro-Polish".
The persistence of Polish anti-Semitism is simplistically attributed to the continued presence of negative characterizations of Jews in the Polish language, even though such characterizations, unfortunately, are virtually universal (e. g., the phrase "To Jew someone down" in the English language). Clearly, this book leaves much to be desired.
The Most Important Book that You will Read on this Subject.......2003-04-12
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The Aftermath: Holocaust in the United States and Israel
Aaron Hass Manufacturer: Cambridge University Press ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback Similar Items:
ASIN: 0521574595 |
Book Description
The Aftermath offers a perspective of how one who has lived with terror for years is able to avoid paralysis and move forward. The Aftermath offers the most comprehensive examination of the psychological impact of the Holocaust on survivors ever undertaken and covers the widest range of topics, including: survivor guilt, the absence of mourning, the psychological characteristics of survivor families, a survivor's view of God, survivors' feelings about Germans as well as their own countrymen of origin, and the survivor's ongoing sense of vulnerability.Customer Reviews:
What the world learned.......2001-08-05
This comment like many others in this superb book reverberates to the bone.
Hass answers a need not only of the dwindling community of survivors, but of those who, while neither survivors nor children of survivors, are nevertheless heirs to horrific pain--those Jewish children born in the shadow of the Holocaust and dressed by its memories, engulfed by a pervasive sense of loss and the need to reaffirm Jewish life.
"Survivors are people, not a phenomenon," Hass writes. Their feelings endure. Given my own feelings, I suspect that these are echoed by the feelings of the Jewish people, which is only now, after a generation, beginning to comprehend the enormity of what occurred.
"To refer to the Holocaust as 'monstrous, inhuman event' is to miss the point," Hass concludes. "The Holocaust was imposed by men and women on other human beings. 'It was a time when there were people, not only the Germans, but the others too, what wanted to kill all the Jewish people."
Unfortunately, such sentiments are still published broadly in parts of the world, without note, much less consequence. The press considers them just as unimportant now as it did in the 1930s.
Hass writes, "And so most Holocaust survivors believe that it could happen again." I sadly confess, so do I. Alyssa A. Lappen
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The Holocaust: Origins, Implementation and Aftermath (Re-Writing Histories.)
Omer Bartov Manufacturer: Routledge ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback Similar Items:
ASIN: 0415150361 |
Book Description
The Holocaust: Origins, Implementation, Aftermath offers a critical and important study of the Holocaust. Complete with an introduction that summarizes the state of the field, this book contains major reinterpretations by leading Holocaust authors (including Levi, Burleigh and Goldhagen, among others) along with key texts on testimony, memory and justice after the catastrophe.
The book challenges conventional interpretations and truths of the Holocaust, whether it has to do with the centrality of anti-Semitism, the importance of economic calculations or the timing of the decision on the "Final Solution."
Three powerful texts provide readers with a close look at the psychology of a perpetrator, the attitude of the bystanders and the fate of the victims. Finally, there is an analysis of survivor's oral testimonies, a deeply revealing discussion on the limits of transmitting the experience of the camps to posterity and a powerful plea for the prosecution of crimes against humanity.
Customer Reviews:
Superb collection for classroom use.......2001-09-10
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Open Wounds: The Crisis of Jewish Thought in the Aftermath of Auschwitz (Pastora Goldner Series in Post-Holocaust Studies)
David Patterson Manufacturer: University of Washington Press ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover ASIN: 029598645X |
Book Description
In this book, David Patterson sets out to describe why Jews must live -- but especially think -- in a way that is distinctly Jewish.For Patterson, the primary responsibility of post-Holocaust Jewish thought is to avoid thinking in the same categories that led to the attempted extermination of the Jewish people. The Nazis, he says, were not anti- Semitic because they were racists; they were racists because they were anti-Semitic, and their anti-Semitism was furthered by a Western ontological tradition that made God irrelevant by placing the thinking ego at the center of being.
If the Jewish people, in their particularity, are "chosen" to attest to the universal "chosenness" of every human being, then each human being is singled out to assume an absolute responsibility to and for all human beings. And that, Patterson says, is why the anti-Semite hates the Jew: because the very presence of the Jew robs him of his ego and serves as a constant reminder that we are all forever in debt, and that redemption is always yet to be. Thus the Nazis, before they killed Jewish bodies, were compelled to murder Jewish souls through the degradations of the Shoah.
But why is the need for a revitalized Jewish thought so urgent today? It is not only because modern Jewish thought, hoping to accommodate itself to rational idealism, is thereby obliged to put itself in league with postmodernists who "preach tolerance for everything except biblically based religion, beginning with Judaism," and who effectively call on Jews, as fellow "citizens of the global village," to disappear. It is also because without the Jewish reality of Jerusalem, there is only the Jewish abstraction of Auschwitz, for in Auschwitz the Jews were murdered not as husbands and wives, parents and children, but as efficiently numbered units. If the Jews, Patterson claims, are not a people set apart by "a Voice that is other than human," then the Holocaust can never be understood as evil rather than simply immoral.
With Open Wounds, Patterson aims to make possible a religious response to the Holocaust. Post-Holocaust Jewish thinking, confronting the work of healing the world -- of tikkun haolam -- must recover not just Jewish tradition but also the category of the holy in human beings' thinking about humanity.
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In the Aftermath of Genocide: Armenians and Jews in Twentieth-Century France
Maud S. Mandel , and Maud S. Mandel Manufacturer: Duke University Press ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback Similar Items:
ASIN: 0822331217 |
Book Description
France is the only Western European nation home to substantial numbers of survivors of the World War I and World War II genocides. In the Aftermath of Genocide offers a unique comparison of the country’s Armenian and Jewish survivor communities. By demonstrating howâin spite of significant differences between these two populationsâstriking similarities emerge in the ways each responded to genocide, Maud S. Mandel illuminates the impact of the nation-state on ethnic and religious minorities in twentieth-century Europe and provides a valuable theoretical framework for considering issues of transnational identity. Investigating each community’s response to its violent past, Mandel reflects on how shifts in ethnic, religious, and national affiliations were influenced by that group’s recent history. The book examines these issues in the context of France’s long commitment to a politics of integration and homogenizationâa politics geared toward the establishment of equal rights and legal status for all citizens, but not toward the accommodation of cultural diversity.
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The Longest Shadow: In the Aftermath of the Holocaust
Geoffrey Hartman Manufacturer: Palgrave Macmillan ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback Similar Items:
ASIN: 0312295685 |
Book Description
In this series of interlinked essays, Geoffrey Hartman draws upon his pioneering interests in the collection of Holocaust survivor video testimony and his personal experience as a child of the Kindertransport to explore life and culture, meaning and memoryin the aftermath of the Holocaust. Taking up the anguished question of many survivors, Has the world learned anything?, Hartman discusses issues of representation and ethics, relationships between first- and second-generation witnesses to the events, and how artists, scholars, and teachers have represented and transmitted these extreme experiences. How, he asks, do we convert our knowledge about the Holocaust into a thoughtful and potent understanding?Customer Reviews:
A personal and scholarly reflection on the Holocaust.......1997-12-03
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The Hours After: Letters of Love and Longing in War's Aftermath
Gerda Weissmann Klein , and Kurt Klein Manufacturer: St. Martin's Griffin ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback ASIN: 0312263384 |
Book Description
Over fifty years ago, Gerda Weissmann was barely alive at the end of a 350-mile death march that took her from a slave labor camp in Germany to the Czech border.On May 7, 1945, the American military stormed the area, and among the first soldiers to approach Gerda was Kurt Klein. A great love had begun.Forced to separate just weeks after liberation and hours after their engagement, Gerda and Kurt began a correspondence that lasted until their reunion and wedding in Paris a year later.Their poignant letters reflect upon the horrors of war and genocide, but above all, upon the rapture and salvation of true love.AUTHORBIO: GERDA WEISSMANN KLEIN and KURT KLEIN lecture frequently and have written extensively about their experiences during the Holocaust. Gerda Weissmann Klein is the subject of the Academy Award-winning documentary One Survivor Remembers. Kurt Klein's story was featured in the PBS series America and the Holocaust. The Kleins have been married for more than fifty years and live in Scottsdale, Arizona.Customer Reviews:
What genuinely wonderful people.......2007-03-25
Great Read!.......2006-05-30
Not a bad find..........2006-03-13
okay.......2004-07-14
First hand, personal account of post WW II liberation.......2002-02-22
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In the Shadow of the Holocaust: The Struggle Between Jews and Zionists in the Aftermath of World War II
Yosef Grodzinsky Manufacturer: Common Courage Press ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback Similar Items:
ASIN: 156751278X |
Book Description
Working from newly unraveled archival material, Grodzinsky tells the touching story of the encounter between Jewish survivors and Zionist envoys, dispatched from Palestine to the camps in order to help in rehabilitation efforts but also with a clear Zionist agenda: Their mission was to bring all the "Surviving Remnant" to Palestine. Survivors were to be "the anvil upon which the revolt against the British [in Palestine] must be forged" (David Ben-Gurion). In 1945, Zionists forcefully prevented the rescue of child survivors; in 1948, they instituted forced conscription to the Israel Defense Force, dwindled by the fighting with the Arabs.
"Written with passion and an obsession for accuracy."-Ariana Melamed, Ha-'Ir, the leading Tel Aviv weekly
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Walls Around: The Plunder of Warsaw Jewry during World War II and Its Aftermath
Itamar Levin Manufacturer: Praeger Publishers ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover ASIN: 0275976491 |
Book Description
On the eve of the Holocaust, Warsaw was the home of the biggest Jewish community in Europe, some 350,000 Jews. They were a third of the city's total population and owned up to 40% of its land. The Nazis systematically seized their property even before the Ghetto was established and rendered the Jews penniless and unable to work. Thus tens of thousands starved to death or died of infectious diseases. As Levin makes clear, the plunder of Jewish property became not only a product of murder, but also a tool of murder. Because Hitler decided only in the Spring of 1941 on the mass murder of the Jews, the Warsaw case demonstrates--at least in retrospect--how the seizure of property killed even before the first gas chambers were built. After the Holocaust, the Communist regime in Poland took advantage of the fact that 90% of the country's Jews had been murdered to nationalize their private and communal property without paying any compensation. The vast majority of this property has never been returned to their lawful owners despite increasing international efforts to bring this about.
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Risen from the Ashes: A Story of Jewish Displaced Persons in the Aftermath of World War Ii, Being a Sequel to Survivors (Studies in Judaica and the)
Jacob Biber Manufacturer: Borgo Pr ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback ASIN: 0893704725 |
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