The Structure of the Japanese Economy: Changes on the Domestic and International Frpmts Studies in the Modern Japanese Economy

Book Description

This book weighs alternative conceptions of the equal opportunity principle through an empirical and ethical exploration of the Federal law that directs local school districts to award special educational opportunities to students who are classified as learning disabled (LD). Mark Kelman and Gillian Lester consider the degree to which students with learning disabilities (rather than merely slow learners, the socially disadvantaged, or even the gifted) are entitled to benefits that might well prove advantageous to their classmates, such as extra time to complete an exam or expensive, individually tailored educational programs.

They examine the vexing question of how we should distribute extra educational funds: should we give them to those who have fewer material resources to begin with, to those who might benefit more than others from extra resources, or should we simply strive to create greater equality of outcome? The book exposes a growing conflict between those who want to distribute scarce resources on an individual basis to children who are in need whatever the reason, and those who seek to eliminate group inequalities.

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The essays collected here address some of the key issues for estimating the economic value of conserving genetic resources in agriculture. The chapters are grouped into five main categories: modeling the role of genetic resources in plant breeding; empirical studies of plant breeding and field diversity; empirical studies of breeding values; property rights; and the implications of development in biotechnology.

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This is the third volume of the complete edition of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin. For the first time full authoritative texts of Darwin’s letters are available, edited according to modern textual editorial principles and practice. The letters in this volume were written during the years 1844–1846. By 1844 Darwin had become an established figure within the circle of London naturalists and his life at Down had assumed the regularity that the responsibility for a thriving and growing household entailed. Despite his move to rural Kent, Darwin was not isolated, and this volume shows how frequent were his trips to London and further afield, how regular his meetings with his scientific colleagues, and how extensive his network of correspondents.

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The development of parallel synthesis and high-throughput characterization tools offer scientists a time-efficient and cost-effective solution for accelerating traditional synthesis processes and developing the structure-property relationships of multiple materials under variable conditions. Written by renowned contributors to the field, Combinatorial and High-Throughput Discovery and Optimization of Catalysts and Materials documents the impact of combinatorial methods for inorganic, organic, polymeric, and biological materials applications over the last several years. This valuable reference describes techniques for the preparation, formulation, fabrication, optimization, performance testing, and evaluation of catalysts, polymeric materials arrays, sensing materials, fuel cell battery and memory materials, semiconductor nanoclusters, dielectrics, OLED arrays, additives, organic coatings, luminescent materials, and phosphors. The book introduces some of the latest features in the development of combinatorial and high throughput workflows, including new library designs, the scale-up of combinatorially discovered materials, and innovative methods of data storage, data mining and informatics. It also points to active research in the development of intelligent software for data mining including multiparameter modeling and visualization. As combinatorial materials science becomes increasingly applicable to a growing number of materials and problems, Combinatorial and High-Throughput Discovery and Optimization of Catalysts and Materials provides an essential portrait of the success, challenges, and opportunities in this field for the next generation of combinatorial chemists, material scientists, and industrial chemists and academics.

Book Description

In his exciting new book, physicist Victor J. Stenger shows how time symmetry at the quantum level makes it possible to draw a model of underlying reality that is simpler and more symmetric than the conventional view. This reality is timeless, with no beginning, no end, and no arrow of time. Time is indeed reversible. And in this "timeless reality," nothing rules out the existence of other universes besides our own; in fact, such a multiverse is strongly suggested by modern theories of cosmology. But whether or not reality has one universe or many, it had no beginning and was not created. It neither was nor will be. It just is.

Customer Reviews:

Enthraling adventure into the real world.......2005-12-16

The author takes the reader from basic concepts into the world of physics where I have never been before. It is not a book to take to the park to feed the birds. It, at least for me, requires concentration, energy and a love of anticipating the next step in how things came to be and why we think it so. I ordered five more related books as a result. What fun to be so challenged.

Naive simplicity.......2005-06-29

This is yet another 'just so' story explaining why the universe is not unique and appears to fail on all technical counts.

Examples -
-"information is negative entropy"? They are not even the same units and even correcting for that, information in communication theory is a state function difference. This perpetuates the widespread confusion of correlating disorder with thermodynamics.

-"I propose that the big bang was not the beginning of the universe, nor the beginning of time."? But he doesn't suggest there wasn't one, just before 'inflation' from the false vacuum! Good luck if that's not a starting point!

Stenger also adopts a popular misconception that inflation (the early exponential expansion of the universe) causes the direction of time. Paul Davies lost this argument decades ago to Don Page in a science journal debate, by ignoring gravity. Stenger thinks he has it solved with a simple black hole argument-
"The initial entropy of the universe was also as large as it could have been, since it was also the entropy of a black hole. Thus, the universe has maximum entropy at the two extremes on the time axis. In each case, the universe is in equilibrium. At each time, the universe is in a static state of total chaos. This is a point that has been missed by almost everyone, including Penrose." [Referring to his earlier book The Emperor's New Mind.]

In Penrose's recent book, The Road to Reality, wherein he explains in detail why the universe is not simple, he also lays waste to Stenger's attack -
"Now let us return to the extraordinary 'specialness' of the Big Bang. The fact that it must have had as absurdly low entropy is already evident from the mere existence of the Second Law of thermodynamics. But low entropy can take many different forms. We want to understand the particular way in which our universe was initially special...
It seems to me that this apparent thermal equilibrium in the early universe has grossly misled some cosmologists into thinking that the Big Bang was somehow high entropy 'random' (i.e. thermal) state, despite the fact that, because of the second law, it must have actually been a very organized (i.e. low entropy) state. A prevalent view seems to have been that the resolution of this paradox must lie in the fact that, soon after the Big Bang, the universe was 'small' so that comparatively few degrees of freedom were available to it, giving a low 'ceiling' to possible entropies. This point of view is fallacious, however, as was pointed out [earlier]. The correct resolution of the apparent paradox lies in the fact that the gravitational degrees of freedom have not been thermalized along with all of those matter and electromagnetic degrees of freedom...In fact, these gravitational degrees of freedom -providing a huge reservoir of entropy -are frequently not take into account at all...Rather than sharing in the thermalization that, in the early universe, applies to all other fields, gravity remains aloof, its degrees of freedom lying in wait, so that the second law would come into play as these degrees of freedom begin to become taken up. Not only does this give us a Second Law, but it gives us one in the particular form that we observe in nature. Gravity just seems to have been different!...physicists have tried to come to terms with this puzzle and related ones, concerning the origin of the universe. In my opinion, none of these attempts comes at all close to dealing with the puzzle..."

Real Five Stars (or even more)........2004-01-17

I simply love Victor Stenger's books and lecturing. Who possibly can be better in presenting such subjects of science? After all, author is a professor of psychology as well. As Bertrand Russell wrote in 1950: "philosophy aims at a theoretical understanding of the structure of the world: on the other hand, it tries to discover and inculcate the best possible way of life..it can give to the individual a just measure of himself in relation to the whole history of man and to the astronomical cosmos". "Timeless Reality" is absolutely a "meisterstuck" dedicated to reader who is not afraid of mathematical formulas and equations. Learn from professor Stenger about time symmetry solving mysteries of quantum double nature and that cause not always precedes effect. Find more: brief history of philosophy, every topic of modern particle physics related to cosmology - explained and repeated each time when needed. If you have not find easy and convincing explanation of EPR paradox so far, you will find it here, one of the most interesting! Large sections of "Timeless Reality" successfully navigate through this hazy subject! Yes, it is a popular science book at its best, loaded with names, properties and behaviors of many exotic particles. Estimated level of difficulty rests somewhere between Roger Penrose's "The Emperor's New Mind" (quantum theory content) and Alan Guth's "The Inflationary Universe" or Lee Smolin's "Three Roads to Quantum Gravity".

takes some getting used to..........2003-03-04

I first read this book two years ago and I found the ideas presented to be very unsettling. I needed to set the book aside and think about more ordinary aspects of the world for a while. The fact is, however, that Dr. Stenger describes reality and there's no getting away from reality. Now my investigations lead me back to the implications of time symmetry. And happily, I have Dr. Stenger's book on hand to turn to again. This time, unafraid, I am finding the experience extremely satisfying.

I agree with the detailed reviews written below. I would also like to add an important bit of information about trust. Anyone who has investigated this field becomes familiar with the corruption that has taken place. Science is used as propaganda to support dogmatic conclusions. Speculation is too easily mutated into whatever covert form of mysticism the author secretly harbors and seeks to spread. Therefore, it is necessary to exert significant effort to find a guide into the stranger regions of reality who can be trusted to NOT MISLEAD. Victor Stenger is someone who can be trusted.

This makes all the difference in the world.

I've had the pleasure of receiving several kind personal responses to questions I posed to Dr. Stenger by way of his friendly and helpful website. I was delighted to find that he is genuinely interested in furthering human understanding and improving the human condition. He is without any hidden agenda. What you see is what you get. He is interested in exposing deception instead of practicing it. He sincerely cares about individuals who struggle with the almost insurmountable challenge of trying to understand what's really going on here in the world. He provides a sense of much-needed balance in an effort that often seems to threaten one's sanity.

And given the fact that what's really going on here takes some time for a person to adapt to, please take your time and let the ideas filter in gradually. Whether we like it or not, the strangeness of the world isn't going to go away. In fact, things become increasingly more interesting the more closely they are examined. And this is why having a trusty guide who's familiar with the topography is so important.

I am please to see that Dr. Stenger has an important new book coming out that will further help those of us who need technological expertise in exposing the mischief of the dogmatists. "Has Science Found God?" promises to provide further comfort and support for those of us who just want to approach the truth unadulterated. If truth is defined as "good" (no matter how uncomfortable it makes us), then Dr. Stenger is firmly on the side of the good. He's a great and welcome ally.

Serious science for dedicated enthusiasts.......2002-03-25

First of all, I'd like to start with a caveat. I gave this book 5 stars, but that assumes the reader has a college education or a very technical background. For someone not used to college-level writing, I would recommend avoiding this book. Having said that, I thought this book was amazing. My head is still spinning from all the detailed, technical information about quantum physics and relativity. Without getting bogged down in the actual mathematics, this book tells you just about everything you might want to know about modern physics.

Some of the best and most original writing is actually at the end, where Stenger presents his ideas on symmetry and how it relates to cosmology and the history of the universe. However, everything else in the book leads up to this, and there are plenty of references to previous chapters.

Stenger's concluding paradigm is simple, logical, and aesthetic, and definitely meets his own criterion of parsimony, or Occam's razor. Parsimony is a common theme in this and Stenger's other books, and he does a great job of using it to critique and analyze the various theories and philosophical interpretations of modern physics.

Again, I would recommend this book to anyone comfortable with college-level reading, but I would also love to see Stenger's concluding ideas summarized in another, less technical and more accessible format, for a wider audience.

Timeless Reality : Symmetry, Simplicity, and Multiple Universes

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Timeless Reality : Symmetry, Simplicity, and Multiple Universes
Victor J. Stenger
Manufacturer: NY
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000MUDNZC

Book Description

For thousands of years, The Odyssey has resonated throughout the Western world. Homer has been an original source of inspiration to writers, painters, sculptors, and filmmakers, as well as a vital source of information about the mythology, history, and culture of ancient Greece. This casebook uniquely blends commentary and primary documents, situating the epic within historical contexts that are important for students to understand. The literary analysis chapter is ideal for readers coming to The Odyssey for the first time, introducing the work with a chronology of events and identification of major characters and themes. Topical chapters carefully consider matters of mythology, geography, archeology, and class issues pertinent to The Odyssey. Excerpts from classical and scholarly sources, including Herodotus, Plato, Thucydides, and Bulfinch, help students understand the historical framework, and materials from government documents and newspaper accounts help students make connections between The Odyssey's thematic ideas and current events, such as the September 11th attacks and the ongoing conflict in Ireland.

Understanding the Odyssey: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historic Documents

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Understanding the Odyssey: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historic Documents
Ken G. Albala, Vernon Johnson Claudia Durst Johnson
Manufacturer: Greenwood Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000OTTG3E

Product Description

Fugitive slaves were reported in the American colonies as early as the 1640s, and escapes escalated with the growth of slavery over the next two hundred years. As the number of fugitives rose, the Southern states pressed for harsher legislation that they thought would prevent escapes. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 criminalized any assistance, active or passive, to a runaway slaveyet it only encouraged the behavior it sought to prevent. Friends of the fugitive, whose previous assistance to runaways had been somewhat haphazard, increased their efforts at organization. By the onset of the Civil War in 1861, the Underground Railroad included members, defined stops, set escape routes and a code language.

Underground Railroad: An Encyclopedia of People, Places, and Operations

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Underground Railroad: An Encyclopedia of People, Places, and Operations
Mary Snodgrass
Manufacturer: M E Sharpe Reference
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Blonde Ambition: The Untold Story Behind Anna Nicole Smith's Death

ASIN: 0765680939

Book Description

The second edition of this best-selling introduction includes up to the minute discussions of key issues such as the outcome of the 2003 Israeli elections and the implications of war with Iraq.

Customer Reviews:

A Luminous Introduction to the History and Conflict.......2007-09-03

With so many books written on the state of Israel artlessly swaying one way or another, it is helpful to finally discover a book that is equally bias. The history of the conflict accounted for by both side`s own point of view; Dan Cohn Sherbok, a professor of Judaism and renown author on Jewish history and Dawoud el-Alami, a Palestinian professor of Islamic Studies. In the end of the book, each author is given a opportunity to debate followed by a response.

Both accounts of the history of the Palestinians and the of the Israelis are easy to read and intrinsically descriptive which underscore the fundamentals of the strife of the two different but similar peoples. Although certain sections do lack consistency and veer off course a bit, the bulk of the book is easy to ingest due to the rather precise chronology and relevancy of the each topic. Seemingly both perspectives seem to be blaming each other in one way or another.

The debate section is perhaps the most thought-provoking part of the book. An interesting observation that you could make is how Mr. Cohn-Sherbok lays out five ingredients for hopes of peace in the region and justifies the State's national security aims in the final chapter while the response from Mr. el-Alami largely focused on questioning Israel's right to exist at all -almost a microcosm of the present situation today.

The purpose of the book is not a persuasion to take one side over another but rather to hear from both sides of the conflict and leave you the reader to draw your own conclusions. This objective is almost obsolete with most publications that discuss the state of Israel and the plight of the Palestinian people today. A very worthy read, which despite being a bit on the bulky side, is a truly unique and noble idea that establishes a balanced perspective from two highly knowledgeable and passionate authors.

The Palestine-Israeli conflict.......2003-05-06

The Palestine-Israeli Conflict
By: Dan Cohn-Sherbok and Dawoud el-Alami

The Palestine-Israeli Conflict is an insightful, original, and well-researched work.
Although it is labeled a "beginner's guide" one must already have at least a basic knowledge of Middle East modern history to fully understand it. From the roots of Zionism in the 1800's to the Intifada of the early 2000's, both writers do a masterful job of tying every cause and effect into an understandable history of the troubled region.

A refreshing characteristic of the book is it's dual point of view format. In an age where nearly every history book is distorted by the writer's viewpoint, it is hard to find a clear perspective. Although Cohn-Sherbok (Professor of Judaism) and el-Alami (a Palestinian native) are no different in their own individual writings. However, since both points of view are presented in the same work, the reader can read both, mix and match different points, and form his or her opinions.

The only aspect of the book is that it tends to become repetitive and never repeats information. The reader must stay attentive to every event in order to understand the next.

This book is a great tool for forming your own opinions about the conflict and learning the details from both points of view. I would recommend it to just about anybody looking to learn more.

VERY Disappointed Beginner.......2003-04-08

As a beginner in Middle Eastern studies, I bought this book for a balanced overview of the conflict. I was disappointed that the book seemed to "start in the middle" with only a passing mention of the diaspora, etc. Certain facts, figures and dates were glossed over w/out further explanation. I didn't even make it through the first section...

Excellent!.......2003-02-14

This is a fantastic book and is laid out giving a balanced account from both sides of the conflict. I detest hearing one-sided arguments as I always wonder what "the other sides" response would be.
In this book I don't have to wonder. One chapter is devoted to the Israeli cause and the following chapter is devoted to the Palestinian cause. One writer makes a point and the other makes a counter-point. More books should be written in this format.

Excellent overview.......2002-09-05

I've just finished reading this book and thought it gave me a very clear idea of the major issues involved in the conflict. So, I have to disagree with the hostile comments from the reviewer below. I would highly recommend it given the current situation.

Customer Reviews:

Answers From The Abyss.......2002-04-03

When I teach plate tectonics to my high school students, I ask them to consider the difficulty of building a comprehensive theory of the surface of the Earth when you don't know what three quarters of that surface looks like. I also mention how amazing it is that Alfred Wegener got as far as he did with continental drift without the detailed knowledge of the sea-floor that led to the modern theory of plate tectonics. David Lawrence has done a supremely good job at telling the adventurous and exciting history of plate tectonics in his book Upheaval From The Abyss. This book has got it all: ships, submarines, sonar, scientific [and emotional] arguments, sea-floor spreading, subduction, explosives and so much more. I highly recommend this book for anyone wanting to go deeper into the history of plate tectonics than does the standard cardboard cutout version found in most textbooks, and especially for those interested laypeople not ready to dive into Naomi Oreskes' excellent, but highly detailed The Rejection Of Continental Drift. I really enjoyed Upheaval From The Abyss and feel that others will, too.

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Viva Velikovsky
Interesting to read about catastrophes, explanations weak.
Exciting Read!
Much more interesting than 'Worlds in Collision'.
Thoughts in Upheaval

Earth in Upheaval
Immanuel Velikovsky
Manufacturer: Pocket
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0671524658

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Viva Velikovsky.......2005-04-22

As I reread "Earth In Upheaval" I am struck anew by Velikovsky's disciplined scholasticism and breadth of source material, by his compunction to always include other points of view (and flaws therein), and by his clear writing style.
It is understandable why Einstein had "Worlds In Collision" open on his desk when he died, why Clifton Fadiman, who was for many years editor-in-chief of the Reader's Digest, said that Velikovsky wrote about 50 times better than most of his critics, and why it was predicted that 99% of the books on geology, archeology and ancient history would have to be rewritten.
I suggest serious Philalethists (lovers of truth) read Velikovsky in his entirety. His day is approaching.
Just one question: How can we get some new editions published, maybe on the internet, so students can see for themselves for a change why Velikovsky may well be the (persecuted) Copernicus or Gallileo of the 20th century?
A final point: although I had read "Earth In Upheaval" 30 years ago, and I've glanced at it again several times since before my recent re-read, one particular factoid stikes me hard with it's import...Velikovsky refers to beaches and fossils hundreds of feet up off the coast of South America along with aerial views of settlements, untolled numbers of them, UP TO AND EVEN INTO THE PERENNIAL SNOW LINE!!! Now how can you explain that without a catastrophic theory?
Philip Neri Lyons
goodoldphil@yahoo.com

Interesting to read about catastrophes, explanations weak........2004-12-24

While the evidence for the general principle of evolution is overwhelming, when applied to a particular species, it can be weak. For example, when looking at the giraffe, one can ask how evolution could create an animal with such a large neck. Furthermore, the length of the neck would evolve gradually, so there should be creatures with necks of intermediate lengths.
Velikovsky argues that evolution often proceeds in dramatic steps as a consequence of a climactic catastrophe. He cites the discoveries of scraps of warm weather creatures in cold climates where it appears that they died suddenly. Large numbers of wooly mammoths were apparently quick-frozen, as some have been found frozen with grass still in their mouths. He also cites evidence that indicates that large areas of land have shifted their height relative to sea level over the last several thousand years. Remains of cities appear high in the Andes, in regions where the harshness of the climate seems to eliminate the possibility that the area could support a large number of people. He uses this to argue that the area has risen higher above sea level in the last few thousand years. He also cites instances where trees and other land debris appear in an undisturbed state under the ocean. It is as if the land level fell dramatically at some point in the past.
There is no question that there have been dramatic changes in the climate over the last few thousand years. Some of the recent work in the mathematical area of chaos points to the possibility of a feedback loop causing sudden changes in climate or even the output of the sun. The fact that there was an ice age a few thousand years ago is well documented. However, what caused it remains unknown. Only a few centuries ago, there was a little ice age, where the winters in Europe were particularly harsh, and a volcanic explosion caused the famous year without a summer, where snow fell nearly year round.
Therefore, while Velikovsky is correct when pointing out the evidence for dramatic changes in climate, there is reason to believe that the causes are simply components in the natural cycle of the world. Only a small variation in the energy output of the sun could cause a dramatic change in the climate of the world. A sudden explosion of a volcano could release a large amount of sunlight blocking dust, or the rapid movement of a continental plate could lead to a dramatic change in climate by blocking the flow of ocean currents.
I enjoyed reading the evidence concerning dramatic changes in the climate thousands of years ago. There is reason to believe that the last several thousand years have been rather peaceful in terms of the magnitude of natural disasters. Where I do not find the book interesting is when Velikovsky tries to explain the catastrophes. There is no reason to believe that they are the consequences of the proximity of other planets, as he so fervently suggests.

Exciting Read!.......2004-01-15

This was not only an exciting read but it was bold courageous and I am sure blaspheme to the died in the wool adherent to evolution. In his book Immanuel Velikovsky deals with something that has always struck me strange, coal, how did it form, sometimes in layers fifty foot think. The lignite that I find around the area of my home in the Pacific Northwest is chalk full of fossil. Some so perfect I can clearly count the striations in the leaf formation. I have never been able to accept the explaination for coal and how it comes about. I believe Velikovsky has explained it perfectly to my satisfaction.
Many call his science flawed, yet today evolution is being disproved by the study of the stars and the youngness of the universe.
Why if evolution is taking place have we seen nothing in times of written history, only extinction.
I am a woodsman and experienced hunter, I know the woods are full of game and yet in my many years of hunting I have only found one skull of a young bear.
This I have never been able to understand, when there is so much condenced discovery of fossils in certain areas. What caused this? In this book Immanuel Velikovsky explains well beyond normal reasoning why.
In reveiws of this book many have said that the book is not science, I believe that the preponderance of evidence is always science and that theory is without merit when science proves it wrong. As I said earlier to the adherent of evolution this book is blaspheme, the reason is because evolution, is a religion, it is and has to be accepted by faith. The evolutionist is the adherent of the religion and is offended when his or her belief system is attacked...

Much more interesting than 'Worlds in Collision'........2003-07-05

The second most famous book by Immanuel Velikovsky, 'Earth in Upheaval', is much more interesting than 'Worlds in Collision'. One of the main reasons why is because Velikovsky does not focus too much on Biblical stories and ancient stories from ancient cultures. That's what killed 'Worlds'; although the ancient stories were a little interesting, they were boring for the most part. I also doubt if the history was accurate too. I doubt if all the events described all happened at the same time.
Here Velikovsky is a little more scientific, but his science if very flawed. I doubt most scientists would take him seriously. Recommended reading for those who are interested in alternative archeology.

Thoughts in Upheaval.......2002-03-15

Though Velikovsky's theories are varied and somewhat happen-stance, his suggestions make one take notice or our planet's strange past. Like many other researcbers Velikovsky tries too hard to make "everything" fit his ideas when one or two would be satisfactory. By making everything "fit" together he tends to discredit even his most sound concepts. Still, an enlightening read.

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Debunking Darwinian Mythology

Earth in Upheaval
Immanuel Velikovsky
Manufacturer: Doubleday & Company
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

ASIN: B0007G5SQS

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Debunking Darwinian Mythology.......2006-04-06

Earth in Upheaval, by Immanuel Velikovsky

The 'Preface' says this book is about the great changes in our planet, based on evidence from rocks, bodies, and fossils. There were great upheavals where species ceased to exist. Velikovsky says the land and the sea changed places in historical times and were documented in literature, epics, and oral traditions. Because of prior criticisms, this book will rely on "stones and bones" as the evidence. The 'Acknowledgments' list the people he consulted with. Velikovsky states that facts gathered in the last century refute the theory of slow evolution molding the world (p.9). "The Aquatic Graveyards" tell of sudden and widespread destruction.

Velikovsky tells how the reaction to the Napoleonic Wars led to a "Doctrine of Uniformity". The idea led to Darwin's theory of evolution, and a denial of rapid change. Charles Lyell admitted to "violations of continuity" in geological formations, but disregarded this since it didn't fit into his theory. Charles Darwin was a disciple of Lyell. Velikovsky tells of a case in west Yorkshire, 1450 feet above sea level, where under 12 feet of clay they found remains of the mammoth, rhinoceros, bison, hyena, hippopotamus, and other animals. Darwin made one trip to South America then used it for all his writings!

Velikovsky lists the many places where the broken bones of many animals imply a violent death from the elements, not slow extinction in a process of evolution ("Agate Spring Quarry") The entire Altiplano with its lakes rose from the bottom of the ocean given the remains of marine crustacea in Lake Titicaca ("Tiahuanacu in the Andes"). The Great African Rift may have been caused by tension which caused this split ("A Continent Torn Apart"). He also compares the Sahara and Gobi Deserts; a tectonic disturbance could have dried up rivers ("Arabia").

Chapter X begins by explaining the methods used to estimate the time of past events. It is not an exact science. Velikovsky explains the age of the Horseshoe Falls ("Niagara Falls") and the Mississippi River ("The Mississippi"). The fossil remains of humans and extinct animals suggests the Ice Age ended about 4,000 years ago ("Fossils in Florida"). The end of the Ice Age saw the extinction of many species, no matter how fit to survive ("Extinction"). Horses and camels died in the Americas but survived in Eurasia!

The theory of evolution dates back to Anaximander of classical Greece. Lamarck thought acquired characteristics would be inherited, and lead to new forms of life. Darwin's idea of evolution adopted Malthusian theory to explain "evolution"; Darwin did not agree with the theory of catastrophism (whose proponents went out of style). Darwin denied that changing physical conditions could affect life forms. Darwin realized his theory lacked proof of graduated changes. Any problem was dismissed as not being recorded in geology (the missing link). No new species have occurred in thousands of years, but species of animals have expired. Mutations can be caused by irritants: heat, chemicals, X-rays,; but these are freaks. Hybrids generally have no offspring. Velikovsky suggests that cosmic rays or radioactivity could have originated a new species. Thus only catastrophes could cause evolution. Catastrophes explain the demise of the mammoths which were highly developed, or larger animals (pp.258-259). "The End" summarizes the geological and paleontological records of earth in upheaval. An extra-terrestial agent created cosmic catastrophes that explains many world-wide phenomena.

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Earth in Upheaval
Immanuel Velikovsky
Manufacturer: Dell Publishing Co.
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Mass Market Paperback
ASIN: B000K6O7JY

Earth in Upheaval, The Vivid Documentation of Cataclysmic Evolution

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Earth in Upheaval, The Vivid Documentation of Cataclysmic Evolution

Manufacturer: Dell Pub Co
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Mass Market Paperback
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Worlds in Collision

ASIN: B000HKVE6M

EARTH IN UPHEAVAL - sequel to Worlds in Collison

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EARTH IN UPHEAVAL - sequel to Worlds in Collison

Manufacturer: Doubleday Books
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000GW4DMI

Cycles of Rock and Water: Upheaval at the Pacific Edge

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Cycles of Rock and Water: Upheaval at the Pacific Edge
Kenneth A. Brown
Manufacturer: Harpercollins
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0062585339

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EARTH IN UPHEAVAL
IMMANUEL VELIKOVSKY
Manufacturer: GOLLANCZ
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000S5KII6

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Earth In Upheaval
Immanuel Velikovsky
Manufacturer: Dell
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Mass Market Paperback
ASIN: B000QSP9F2

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Earth in Upheaval
Velikovsky
Manufacturer: Dell
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000JJGWD6

Book Description

From the days when approximately sixty million bison ranged over most of the continental U.S. and into Canada and Mexico, to its near extinction due to mindless slaughter during the westward expansion of the mid- and late-nineteenth century, the American bison remains both a national symbol of strength and freedom, and of shame and exploitation.

Today the American bison once again is in the center of controversy over its role in our economy, its range, and its very right to exist in the wild.

In Of Bison and Man, Harold Danz, longtime National Park Service employee and former executive director of the American Bison Association, gives a clear, informative, and highly entertaining overview of this magnificent animal. Danz explores the bison's prehistory and natural history, its complex relationship with Native Americans, the bison slaughter and recovery, the growth of bison ranching, and the role bison play today, both as a food source and as a wild animal.

Of Bison and Man will appeal to readers interested in our complex relationship with the bison as well as those wanting to know more about our natural history and resource management policies.

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