Probability, Econometrics and Truth: The Methodology of Econometrics

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When John Maynard Keynes likened Jan Tinbergen's early work in econometrics to black magic and alchemy, he was expressing a widely held view of a new discipline. However, even after half a century of practical work and theorising by some of the most accomplished social scientists, Keynes' comments are still repeated today. This book assesses the foundations and development of econometrics and sets out a basis for the reconstruction of the foundations of econometric inference by examining the various interpretations of probability theory which underlie econometrics. Keuzenkamp claims that the probabilistic foundations of econometrics are weak, and although econometric inferences may yield interesting knowledge, claims to be able to falsify or verify economic theories are unwarranted. Methodological falsificationism in econometrics is an illusion. Instead, it is argued, econometrics should locate itself in the tradition of positivism.

Customer Reviews:

The Best Book Written On Econometrics,Philosophy,andJMKeynes.......2004-07-11

This book is already a classic.Keuzenkamp(K)blends the philosophy and history of probability and statistics with that of econometrics in such a skillful fashion that the technically trained reader(upper division courses in mathematical statistics,probability,econometrics and philosophy)will want to start reading it over again as soon as he finishs the book the first time.K correctly realizes that the goal of econometrics can only be that of estimating and not testing.K correctly shows that econometrics should be founded in the positivist(logical empiricist)tradition.Finally,an academic economist gives J M Keynes's arguments,made by Keynes in his debate with Tinbergen over the ability of econometricians to Test(with a capital T as in Truth) different theories of the business cycle,their just due.There is only one small(very small)quibble.On pages 272-273,K states:"Furthermore, an investigator may try different prior distributions in order to obtain upper and lower limits in probabilistic inference(this approach is proposed by Good and Leamer)".In fact,J M Keynes was the first advocate of this approach in Part V of A Treatise on Probability.The interested reader can find Keynes's interval approach in chapters 5,10,15,16,17,20,22,29 and 30.K has destroyed the myth,created by many philosophically illiterate economists and econometricians over the last 60-65 years,that Keynes's knowledge about mathematics and statistics was "rusty" and that he was just trying to shoot the sound ideas of other researchers "full of holes" because he didn't understand what they were doing.Keynes understood only to well.

Book Description

A detailed account of the biology and ecology of vascular wetland plants and their applications in wetland plant science, Wetland Plants: Biology and Ecology presents a synthesis of wetland plant studies and reviews from biology, physiology, evolution, genetics, community and population ecology, environmental science, and engineering. It provides a thorough discussion of the range of wetland plants adaptations to conditions such as life in water or saturated soils, high salt or high sulfur, as well as low light and low carbon dioxide levels. The authors include the latest research on the development of plant communities in newly restored or created wetlands and on the use of wetland plants as indicators of ecological integrity and of wetland boundaries. Over 140 figures, including over 70 original photographs, allow you to visualize the concepts, 40 tables give you easy access to definitions and data, and international examples provide you with a broad base of information. The growing consensus in wetlands literature and research suggests that methods are needed to assess the ecological health or integrity of wetlands, to set goals for wetland restoration, and to track the status and trends of wetlands. Wetland plants are emerging as important indicators, and becoming an important part of this research. Wetland Plants: Biology and Ecology contains up-to-date information on this increasingly important area in wetlands technology.

Customer Reviews:

VERY GOOD BOOK!.......2007-10-04

This is probably the best ecological wetland plant book that is out there right now. Very detailed. Explains it all.

easy reading, good reference.......2002-01-08

Scientific in nature, but still easy to read. An excellent reference for anyone beginning the study of wetlands. Includes one chapter on constructed/treatment wetlands.

Walking the Wetlands: A Hiker's Guide to Common Plants and Animals of Marshes, Bogs, and Swamps (Wiley Nature Editions)

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Walking the Wetlands: A Hiker's Guide to Common Plants and Animals of Marshes, Bogs, and Swamps (Wiley Nature Editions)
Janet Lyons , Sandra Jordan , and Ron Schneider
Manufacturer: John Wiley & Sons Inc
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

General | Nature & Ecology | Science | Subjects | Books

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The Book of Swamp and Bog: Trees, Shrubs, and Wildflowers of the Eastern Freshwater Wetlands

ASIN: 0471620874

The Biology of Freshwater Wetlands (Biology of Habitats)

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The Biology of Freshwater Wetlands (Biology of Habitats)
Arnold G. van der Valk
Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0198525400

Book Description

Global wetlands range from moss-dominated artic peatlands to seasonally-flooded tropical floodplains, and exhibit significant differences in both hydrology and species composition. However, rather than concentrating on the detailed characteristics of specific wetland types, this concise textbook emphasizes their universal environmental and biological features. A combination of hydrology, low oxygen levels, and dense plant canopies are the major defining features of wetland habitats. Due to the slow diffusion of oxygen in water, oxygen in wetland soils and water columns is often very low or absent. The adaptations of wetland micro-organisims, invetebrates, plants, and vetebrates to anaerobic conditions (and ther functional consequences) are a major theme of this book. Plant canopies create complex gradients of light, temperature and oxygen that change daily and seasonally. The book demonstrates how these shifting environmental gradients are responsible for the distribution of algae, invertebrates, and vertebrates in wetlands. Another major focus is on water level fluctuations and how they can affect the flora, fauna, and functions of wetlands. The future of wetlands is also examined, including the potential impacts of global climate change and efforts to restore wetlands.

LAKE VICTORIA WETLANDS & ECOLOGY OF (IHE Thesis)

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LAKE VICTORIA WETLANDS & ECOLOGY OF (IHE Thesis)
John St Balirwa
Manufacturer: Taylor & Francis
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

The Middle ParanÃ¡ River: Limnology of a Subtropical Wetland

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The Middle ParanÃ¡ River: Limnology of a Subtropical Wetland

Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

Environmental Science | Earth Sciences | Science | Subjects | Books

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ASIN: 3540706232

Product Description

The Middle Paraná River, one of the largest rivers in the world, is exceptionally rich in fauna and flora and provides researchers a glimpse into an ecosystem yet undisturbed by human civilization. Covering the key aspects of fluvial limnology and ecology related to the river, this book is arranged in the following four sections: The Physical and Chemical Environment; Plant Life; Invertebrate Animal Life; Vertebrate Animal Life. This in-depth and up-to-date review encapsulates 40 years of detailed study by researchers at the Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI, CONICET-UNL, Argentina), an internationally renowned institution almost exclusively devoted to the exploration of the Middle Paraná, the most important 600-km-long reach of the river. It is a fascinating read for both specialists and general naturalists alike.

The Production Ecology of Wetlands: The IBP Synthesis (International Biological Programme)

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The Production Ecology of Wetlands: The IBP Synthesis (International Biological Programme)

Manufacturer: Cambridge University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Book Description

Wetlands are unique and fragile environments that provide a transition between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Focusing on freshwater wetlands with emergent vegetation, this book considers productivity in relation to communities of animals and plants and their environments, mineral cycling, hydrology, and management. The contributors emphasize the biological interactions and processes underlying the structure and functioning of wetlands, revealing the need to appreciate the dynamics of the system to establish appropriate management and conservation practices. Based largely on research carried out during the International Biological Programme, this unique synthesis brings together a wealth of information, which until now had been widely dispersed in the literature and often difficult to locate. This comprehensive volume will be an important resource for all those concerned with the ecology, management and conservation of these sensitive natural habitats.

Common Wetland Plants of Southeast Texas

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Common Wetland Plants of Southeast Texas
Galveston U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Manufacturer: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

General | Nature & Ecology | Science | Subjects | Books
ASIN: B000OZAXOE

Product Description

This guide was prepared using non-technical language so that individuals lacking biological background can use it as a field reference for the identification of wetland indicator species. Color photos throughout.

Ecology and Productivity of an African Wetland System: The Kafue Flats, Zambia (Geobotany)

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Ecology and Productivity of an African Wetland System: The Kafue Flats, Zambia (Geobotany)
G.A. Ellenbroek
Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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A review of the biology, ecology, and management of Scirpus Olneyi: Volume 1 ; an annotated bibliography of selected papers (Wetland publication)

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A review of the biology, ecology, and management of Scirpus Olneyi: Volume 1 ; an annotated bibliography of selected papers (Wetland publication)
William Sipple
Manufacturer: Department of Natural Resources
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Unknown Binding
ASIN: B0006X402U

A review of the biology, ecology, and management of Scirpus Olneyi: Volume 2 ; a synthesis of selected references (Wetland publication)

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A review of the biology, ecology, and management of Scirpus Olneyi: Volume 2 ; a synthesis of selected references (Wetland publication)
William Sipple
Manufacturer: Department of Natural Resources
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Unknown Binding
ASIN: B0006XAOU2

Book Description

This book discusses the controversial issue of whether animals are designed according to the same rules that engineers use in building machines, namely that materials and energy are used economically while attempting to achieve a high level of performance. There is considerable scientific controversy surrounding this question because, although there is much evidence suggesting that animals are indeed well designed, evolutionary biology tells us that animals are not "engineered" but result from evolution by natural selection. In this volume these highly controversial questions are debated by eminent experts on the basis of a wealth of evidence ranging from the molecular biology and biochemistry of enzyme systems through the study of bone and muscle to the design and function of integrated systems of energy supply and the nervous system. The authors have made a special effort to present the chapters in a form that is accessible to a broad readership of biologists interested in basic principles.

Customer Reviews:

why not?.......2001-04-20

This is a very exciting book about one of the most controversial and polemic topics in comparative physiology, morphology and evolutionary biology. If you are trying to find out answers about animal design and optimization, you must try this book. Controversial and challenging.

Book Description

Keep your boat's electrical systems running and reliable

“Boatowner’s Illustrated Electrical Handbook is perfect for learning how your boat’s electrical system and much of its equipment works, and it will be an invaluable guide when adding equipment as well. This book needs to be in every boater’s library as a ready reference on how to make effective repairs and modifications that comply with ABYC standards.”—Ed Sherman, Senior Instructor and Curriculum Designer, American Boat and Yacht Council

“A definitive technical book that is easy to read. Buy this book and throw out the rest.”—Motorboat & Yachting

Whether you take to the sea under power or sail, bounce around the bay in your runabout, or cross oceans in your cruiser, you’ll find everything you need to maintain, repair, and upgrade your boat’s DC and AC electrical systems with this comprehensive and fully illustrated guide.

Tackle onboard electrical projects and learn how to:

Meet ABYC standards for both DC and AC wiring
Install solar- and wind-power systems
Add electrical components
Prevent corrosion of your electrical system . . . and more

Customer Reviews:

Good but not great - but close........2007-05-07

Harry Homeowner wouldn't give it a second glance, but Bob Boatowner should. Dr. Charles has put it all together, from shore power to solar, it has plenty of references to ABYC standards for electrical installations. All of the inforamtion is precise and clear, he makes
references to the ABYC and the NEC as necessary. If you're a licensed electrican (like me) you'll appreciate the nomenclature.
If you're Bob Boatowner with little or no experience making electrical installations - this book might not be for you. But, if you are willing to read and read again - you'll be OK.

Great Book.......2007-01-04

This is a really impressive book. It provides a really good understanding of the many forces/dynamics of electrical systems on a boat.

There is a lot more to 12 volts, than a positive and ground. To my surprise, it's more complex than 120 VAC in my house. At home, for the most part, you use one standard type of wire and have no concerns about your wiring causing any part of your house to corrode. While there is virtually a perfect and repeatable way to wire everything in your home, surprisingly their isn't a perfect way to do things on your boat, you need to continuously make tradeoff's when you add something new, and it helps to understand the tradeoff's that were already made on your boat by the manufacturer's and prior owner's in making your next modification. Also, at home for the most part, your not worried about corrosion, while on a boat, the various metals in your boat want to use the water to establish electrical currents that are destructive ... in the very worst case in a matter of days, if not months and years, to metal parts in your boat.

This book explains it all very well. Be sure to start from the beginning where it explains what a battery is. I skipped that section initially (I know the chemistry of a battery more than most people), but found it very helpful to read this section, as the following sections establish how the various metals in your boat colude to form their own battery like behavior where you didn't intend, the result being corrosion.

Also, don't underestimate the importance of the proper and frequent use of fuses/breakers on virtually every electrical run, fuses need to be sized to the diameter wire as well as the device, selection of wire diameter (larger diamater = heavy wire = boat goes slow, small diameter = voltage drops of a 1/2 volt or more potentially unaccaptable to devices), and standard ways to make electrical connections that will be trouble free.

While at somepoint you will want to look at various aspects of your boat to see what tradeoff's were made by the manufacturer or previous owners, you don't need to be near your boat to read this book and understand whats going on, making it a good winter read.

You should really read this in advance. While it also makes an excellent reference later, the worst time to read this is when your under time pressure to change something, since you really need to appreciate that there is more to modifying your electrical system than knowing the difference between 12v postive and ground.

b393capt

Book Description

This book provides an overview of the role of the syllable in Optimality Theory (OT) and ways in which problems that relate to the analysis of syllable structure can be solved in OT. The contributions to the book show that the syllable not only sheds light on certain properties of OT itself. They also show that OT is capable of describing and adequately analyzing many issues that are problematic in other theories. The analyses are based on a wealth of languages.

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The syllable has always been a key concept in generative linguistics: the rules, representations, parameters, or constraints posited in diverse frameworks of theoretical phonology and morphology all make reference to this fundamental unit of prosodic structure. No less central to the field is Optimality Theory, an approach developed within (morpho-)phonology in the early 1990s. This book combines two themes of central importance to linguists and their mutual relevance in recent research. It provides an overview of the role of the syllable in OT and ways in which problems that relate to the analysis of syllable structure can be solved in OT. The contributions to the book not only show that the syllable sheds light on certain properties of OT itself - they also demonstrate that OT is capable of describing and adequately analyzing many issues that are problematic in other theories. The analyses are based on a wealth of languages.

Norwegian stress and quantity: The implications of loanwords [An article from: Lingua]

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Norwegian stress and quantity: The implications of loanwords [An article from: Lingua]
C. Rice
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B000RR9994

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Lingua, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Disyllabic Norwegian words characteristically have an initial syllable which is stressed and heavy and a final syllable which is unstressed and light. Adopting a moraic theory of syllabic representation, the weight of the initial syllable can be realized either with a bimoraic vowel or with a monomoraic vowel followed by a moraic consonant. Monosyllabic words also show variation in the length of the vowel and the coda consonant. The native data are supplemented with loanword data, leading to the claim that the grammar of Norwegian must account for patterns with stress on the ultima, the penult or the antepenult. Stress can be assigned to both the core disyllabic and monosyllabic patterns by constructing a trochee; these patterns are equally well predicted by constructing such a foot at either the right or left edge of the word, and indeed both analyses have been advocated. The stress patterns of loanwords, however, reveal additional details about the assignment of stress, and sort out some unresolvable ambiguities arising when just considering the native vocabulary. These facts form the basis for advocating a right-edge oriented analysis of stress in Norwegian. The solution developed here avoids diacritics for signaling the location of stress, but appeals instead to moraic specification, which is independently necessary to characterize the length constrasts in the consonants.

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Wonderful projects, great tips, inspirational

Hand Lettering for Crafts: A Decorative Guide from A-Z
Sandra Salamony
Manufacturer: Quarry Books
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

Calligraphy | Graphic Design | Design & Decorative Arts | Arts & Photography | Subjects | Books
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Hand Lettering Made Easy

Letter Art: Based on Alphabet Designs by Becky Higgins

Scrapbook Lettering:50 Fun to draw alphabets from the nation's most creative scrapbook lettering artists.

XYZ, still more creative lettering

Memories of a Lifetime: Alphabets & Ornaments: Artwork for Scrapbooks & Fabric-Transfer Crafts (Memories of a Lifetime)

ASIN: 1564967417

Book Description

This definitive guide for applying decorative lettering to craft projects targets the continued and growing interest in decorative crafts. Decorative lettering is often overlooked, yet it is an easy-to-learn skill for crafters who seek that special finishing touch. This is the first-ever lettering book written by crafters for crafters, with hands-on advice for polished results on the very first try. This book not only addresses letterforms as calligraphy books do, but it also provides insight and information on letters in regards to decorative styles and application. Provided is clear instruction and the practical tools, creative inspiration and templates for crafters to make words a decorative element in their projects.

Customer Reviews:

Wonderful projects, great tips, inspirational.......2001-06-12

This is a great book to get you started using hand lettering in your crafts. The book starts out with basic information on tools and materials. Then there are great tips on transferring and using the computer to help your out if you handwriting and calligraphy skills are lacking.

The projects follow, and are broken up into lettering styles including romantic, modern, decorative, and vintage. Each section shows the full alphabet of several typestyles and a few have illustrations and notes of how to draw them correctly. For a beginner they can be traced and transferred. Typefaces include the basics like simple italic, block and script styles, decorative versals, uncials and art deco Anna, fun ones like Party and elegant ones like ITC Vintage. There is a typeface for almost any project.

A nearly endless array of projects can be enhanced with lettering and a wide range of typestyles are included here. My favorite projects include gilded glass coasters, an etched glass floating frame, botanical note cards, dotted gradient dessert plate and a raised Chinese character lampshade. All the projects are great and fairly easy to follow, but I was a bit disappointed that a full alphabet for my favorite typeface the author uses (stained glass) was not in the book.

In the back there is great resource list. There is also wonderful gallery that shows you all kinds of way to use calligraphy. It is very inspirational. The gallery artists are all listed in a directory with addresses, phone numbers and email address. This book makes a great gift for anyone into crafts especially rubber stamp and paper artists.

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Alphabet Soup (Recipes from A to Z From the Colleagues of Calligraphy)

Manufacturer: Colleagues of Calligraphy
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Spiral-bound
ASIN: B000EON6HG

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Calligraphy A to Z
Stuart David
Manufacturer: Random House Value Publishing
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: 0517096544
Release Date: 1993-01-17

Book Description

Streamlined techniques offer improved methods that shrink the learning curve and bring aspiring calligraphers immediate satisfaction. Its innovations include: a technique that allows you to form all letters, numerals, and punctuation marks with just a few basic strokes; emphasis on the structural elements of lettering; and more.

Calligraphy A to Z: A New Technique for Learning the Basic Hands, Step-By-Step Exercises

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Calligraphy A to Z: A New Technique for Learning the Basic Hands, Step-By-Step Exercises
Stuart David
Manufacturer: Stravon Educational Pr
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0873960882

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Alphabet Soup : Recipes from A to Z
Colleagues of Calligraphy
Manufacturer: Colleagues of Calligraphy
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000KD9O5O

The Best Earn More Money, Inner Game and Godfather Principles for Calligraphy Pens On-line Businesses 3 Course Pack

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The Best Earn More Money, Inner Game and Godfather Principles for Calligraphy Pens On-line Businesses 3 Course Pack
John Z Davis
Manufacturer: LTBR, Inc
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Audio CD
ASIN: B000PL64ZY

The Best Earn More Money, Sales Models and eCommerce for Calligraphy Pens On-line Businesses 3 Course Pack

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The Best Earn More Money, Sales Models and eCommerce for Calligraphy Pens On-line Businesses 3 Course Pack
William Z Davis
Manufacturer: LTBR, Inc
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Audio CD
ASIN: B000R5L5H0

The Best Generate Extra Cash, Inner Game and Sales Models for Calligraphy Sets Businesses 3 CD Combo Pack

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The Best Generate Extra Cash, Inner Game and Sales Models for Calligraphy Sets Businesses 3 CD Combo Pack
Bill Z Anderson
Manufacturer: LTBR, Inc
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Audio CD
ASIN: B000PYK40M

The Best Generate Extra Cash, Success Principles and eCommerce for Calligraphy Businesses 3 CD Combo Pack

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The Best Generate Extra Cash, Success Principles and eCommerce for Calligraphy Businesses 3 CD Combo Pack
Mark Z Anderson
Manufacturer: LTBR, Inc
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Audio CD
ASIN: B000PHOTKA

The Best Promotion, Godfather Principles and Sales Models for Calligraphy On-line Businesses 3 CD Course

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The Best Promotion, Godfather Principles and Sales Models for Calligraphy On-line Businesses 3 CD Course
Phillip Z Brown
Manufacturer: LTBR, Inc
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Audio CD
ASIN: B000PI4BQG

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